Ibice byimodoka mubisanzwe bivuga ibice byose nibice usibye ikinyabiziga. Muri byo, ibice bivuga igice kimwe kidashobora gutandukana. Ibigize ni ihuriro ryibice bishyira mubikorwa (cyangwa imikorere). Iterambere rihamye ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa hamwe n’iterambere rya buhoro buhoro urwego rw’imikoreshereze y’abaturage, icyifuzo cy’ibinyabiziga ku modoka nshya kiriyongera.
Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeje guteza imbere nyir'imodoka mu Bushinwa, icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa by’ibicuruzwa nyuma y’isoko nko gufata neza ibinyabiziga no guhindura ibinyabiziga bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi ibisabwa ku bikoresho by’ibicuruzwa bigenda byiyongera. Inganda zikoresha amamodoka mu Bushinwa zageze ku bikorwa byiza mu myaka yashize.
1. Umwirondoro winganda: Gukwirakwiza cyane nibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Ibice byimodoka mubisanzwe bivuga ibice byose nibice usibye ikinyabiziga. Muri byo, ibice bivuga igice kimwe kidashobora gutandukana. Igice ni ihuriro ryibice bishyira mubikorwa cyangwa imikorere. Ibigize birashobora kuba igice kimwe cyangwa guhuza ibice. Muri uku guhuza, igice kimwe nigice cyingenzi, gikora ibikorwa bigenewe (cyangwa imikorere), mugihe ibindi bice bikora gusa imirimo yubufasha yo guhuza, gufunga, kuyobora, nibindi.
Imodoka muri rusange igizwe nibice bine byingenzi: moteri, chassis, umubiri nibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwose bwibicuruzwa byibice byimodoka bikomoka kuri ibi bice bine byibanze. Ukurikije imiterere y'ibice n'ibigize, birashobora kugabanywa muri sisitemu ya moteri, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kohereza, sisitemu yo guhagarika, sisitemu ya feri, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi nibindi (ibikoresho rusange, ibikoresho byo gupakira, nibindi).
2. Panorama yumurongo winganda.
Inganda zo hejuru no kumanuka zinganda zikora ibinyabiziga ahanini bivuga inganda zijyanye no gutanga no gukenera. Inzira yo hejuru yinganda zikora inganda zikora cyane cyane amasoko atanga ibikoresho bibisi, birimo ibyuma nicyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, ibyuma bya elegitoronike, plastiki, reberi, ibiti, ibirahure, ububumbyi, uruhu, nibindi.
Muri byo, abantu benshi bakeneye ibikoresho fatizo ni ibyuma n'ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, plastiki, reberi, ikirahure. Ahantu hamanuka harimo abakora ibinyabiziga, amamodoka 4S, amaduka yo gusana amamodoka, ibice byimodoka nibindi bikoresho hamwe ninganda zihindura imodoka, nibindi.
Ingaruka zo hejuru kumurongo winganda zikora cyane cyane mubiciro. Guhindura ibiciro byibikoresho fatizo (harimo ibyuma, aluminium, plastike, reberi, nibindi) bifitanye isano itaziguye nigiciro cyo gukora ibicuruzwa byimodoka. Ingaruka zo kumanuka kubice byimodoka ahanini mubisabwa ku isoko no guhatanira isoko.
3. Guteza imbere politiki: Igenamigambi rya politiki rishyirwa mubikorwa kenshi kugirango iterambere ryiyongere ryinganda.
Nkuko buri modoka ikenera ibice byimodoka bigera ku 10,000, kandi ibyo bice bigira uruhare mubikorwa bitandukanye, hari itandukaniro rinini mubipimo bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo gukora nibindi. Kugeza ubu, politiki y’igihugu ijyanye no gukora ibice by’imodoka itangwa cyane cyane muri politiki y’igihugu ijyanye n’inganda z’imodoka.
Muri rusange, iki gihugu giteza imbere guhindura no kuzamura inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, zishishikariza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ndetse n’inganda zikora amamodoka yigenga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, y’ikoranabuhanga ryigenga, kandi akomeza gushyigikira cyane ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu. Isohora ryuruhererekane rwa politiki yinganda z’imodoka nta gushidikanya ko ryashyize imbere ibisabwa hejuru yinganda zinganda. Muri icyo gihe kandi, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iterambere ryiza kandi ryiza ry’inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, amashami bireba Ubushinwa yatanze gahunda zijyanye no guteza imbere politiki ijyanye n’inganda mu myaka yashize.
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga, kuzamura ibicuruzwa byimodoka byihuta umunsi kumunsi, bisaba inganda zimodoka kwihutisha udushya twikoranabuhanga, gutanga ibicuruzwa bikenewe nisoko; Bitabaye ibyo, bizahura n'ikibazo cyo gutandukana kubitangwa nibisabwa, bivamo ubusumbane bwimiterere nibicuruzwa bisigaye.
4. Ibihe byubu ingano yisoko: Amafaranga ava mubucuruzi bukuru akomeje kwiyongera.
Umusaruro mushya w’imodoka mu Bushinwa utanga umwanya w’iterambere mu guteza imbere ibice bishya by’imodoka mu Bushinwa bifasha isoko, mu gihe umubare w’ibinyabiziga bigenda byiyongera, gufata neza ibinyabiziga ndetse n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga nabyo bigenda byiyongera, bigatuma uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga bikomeza kwaguka. Muri 2019, bitewe n’impamvu nko kugabanuka kw’isoko ry’imodoka muri rusange, igabanuka ry’inkunga ku binyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, no kuzamuka gahoro gahoro ibipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibigo bigize ibice bifite ikibazo cy’ingutu kitigeze kibaho. Nyamara, inganda zikora amamodoka mu Bushinwa ziracyerekana ko iterambere ryifashe neza. Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka ku bigo 13.750 by’ibicuruzwa by’imodoka biri hejuru y’ubunini bwagenwe, amafaranga yinjiza mu bucuruzi bwabo bukuru agera kuri tiriyari 3.6, yiyongereyeho 0.35% ku mwaka. Nk’uko imibare ibanza ibigaragaza, amafaranga yinjira mu bucuruzi bw’inganda zikora amamodoka mu Bushinwa mu 2020 azaba agera kuri tiriyoni 3.74.
Icyitonderwa
1. Imibare yiterambere ryumwaka-ku-mwaka iratandukanye uko umwaka utashye bitewe nimpinduka zumubare wibigo biri hejuru yubunini bwagenwe. Umwaka-ku-mwaka amakuru yose ni umusaruro wibikorwa byinganda hejuru yubunini bwagenwe mumwaka umwe.
2. Amakuru ya 2020 namakuru yambere yo kubara kandi arakoreshwa gusa.
Iterambere ryiterambere: Ibinyabiziga nyuma yimodoka byahindutse ingingo nyamukuru yo gukura.
Bitewe na politiki yo “kuvugurura imodoka n’ibice byoroheje”, inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zimaze igihe kinini zihura n’ikibazo cy’ikoranabuhanga ridahwitse. Umubare munini wibicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse bitanga ibinyabiziga bifite umurongo umwe wibicuruzwa, ibirimo ikoranabuhanga rito hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya ingaruka zituruka hanze. Mu myaka yashize, izamuka ryibiciro byibikoresho nakazi bituma inyungu yinyungu yibice byimodoka bihindagurika kandi bikanyerera.
“Gahunda yo Gutezimbere Hagati n'Ibihe By’inganda z'Imodoka” yerekana ko guhinga abatanga ibice bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bigashyiraho gahunda yuzuye y'inganda kuva ibice kugeza ku binyabiziga. Muri 2020, hazashyirwaho amatsinda menshi yimishinga yibice byimodoka bifite igipimo kirenga miliyari 100 yuan; Kugeza 2025, amatsinda menshi yimodoka yimishinga azashingwa mumi icumi yambere kwisi.
Mu bihe biri imbere, ku nkunga ya politiki, inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zizagenda zitezimbere buhoro buhoro urwego rwa tekiniki n’ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, rumenye ikoranabuhanga shingiro ry’ibice byingenzi; Bitewe niterambere ryinganda zigenga ibinyabiziga byigenga, ibigo byimbere mu gihugu bizagenda byagura imigabane yabyo ku isoko, kandi umubare w’ibicuruzwa by’amahanga cyangwa bihuriweho bizagabanuka.
Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa bufite intego yo gushinga amatsinda 10 ya mbere y’imodoka ku isi mu 2025. Guhuriza hamwe mu nganda biziyongera, kandi umutungo uzibanda mu bigo bikuru. Mugihe umusaruro wimodoka no kugurisha bigeze hejuru, iterambere ryibice byimodoka mubijyanye nibikoresho bishya byimodoka bigarukira, kandi isoko rinini nyuma yo kugurisha rizahinduka imwe munganda ziterambere ryinganda zinganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2022
