Ibice by'imodoka akenshi bivuga ibice byose n'ibice byayo uretse imiterere y'imodoka. Muri byo, ibice bivuga igice kimwe kidashobora gucibwamo kabiri. Igice ni uruvange rw'ibice bishyira mu bikorwa igikorwa (cyangwa imikorere). Bitewe n'iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa n'izamuka ry'urwego rw'abakoresha imodoka, icyifuzo cy'ibice by'imodoka ku modoka nshya kiriyongera.
Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n’uko imodoka zikomeje kunozwa mu Bushinwa, icyifuzo cy’ibice bisimbura ibindi mu isoko rya nyuma nko kubungabunga imodoka no guhindura imodoka kirimo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi ibisabwa ku bice bisimbura ibindi birimo kwiyongera cyane. Inganda z’ibice by’imodoka mu Bushinwa zageze ku ntambwe nziza mu myaka ya vuba aha.
1. Imiterere y'inganda: Gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bwagutse n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye.
Ibice by'imodoka akenshi bivuga ibice byose n'ibice uretse fremu y'imodoka. Muri byo, ibice bivuga igice kimwe kidashobora gucikamo ibice. Igice ni uruvange rw'ibice bishyira mu bikorwa igikorwa cyangwa imikorere. Igice gishobora kuba igice kimwe cyangwa uruvange rw'ibice. Muri uku guhuza, igice kimwe ni cyo cy'ingenzi, gikora igikorwa cyagenewe (cyangwa imikorere), mu gihe ibindi bice bikora gusa imirimo y'inyongera yo guhuza, gufatanya, kuyobora, nibindi.
Imodoka muri rusange igizwe n'ibice bine by'ibanze: moteri, chassis, umubiri n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa by'ibice by'imodoka bikomoka kuri ibi bice bine by'ibanze. Dukurikije imiterere y'ibice n'ibice, bishobora kugabanywamo sisitemu ya moteri, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kohereza ubutumwa, sisitemu yo gusunika, sisitemu yo gufunga feri, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi n'ibindi (ibikoresho rusange, ibikoresho byo gupakira, nibindi).
2. Ishusho rusange y'uruhererekane rw'inganda.
Inganda zikora ibice by'imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru n'urwo hasi zivuga cyane cyane inganda zitanga ibikoresho n'ibikenewe. Inganda zikora ibice by'imodoka zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zirimo cyane cyane amasoko atanga ibikoresho fatizo, harimo icyuma n'ibyuma, ibyuma bidakoresha feri, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, plastiki, kawunga, imbaho, ibirahure, ibumba, uruhu, n'ibindi.
Muri byo, hakenewe cyane ibikoresho fatizo harimo icyuma n'ibyuma, ibyuma bidakoresha feri, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, pulasitiki, rabha, ikirahure. Inyuma harimo inganda zikora imodoka, amaduka ya 4S y'imodoka, amaduka asanisha imodoka, inganda zikora ibikoresho by'imodoka n'inganda zitunganya imodoka, n'izindi nganda zitunganya imodoka, n'ibindi.
Ingaruka z’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’imodoka zizamuka cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ibiciro. Ihindagurika ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo (harimo icyuma, aluminiyumu, pulasitiki, kabutike, nibindi) rifitanye isano itaziguye n’ikiguzi cyo gukora ibikoresho by’ibikoresho by’imodoka. Ingaruka z’ibiciro ku bikoresho by’imodoka zizamuka ahanini ziri mu gukenerwa ku isoko no mu ipiganwa ku isoko.
3. Guteza imbere politiki: Igenamigambi rya politiki rikunze gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo hongerwe iterambere ryiza ry'inganda.
Kubera ko buri modoka ikenera ibice by'imodoka bigera ku 10.000, kandi ibyo bice bikaba bikora mu nganda n'amashami atandukanye, hari icyuho kinini mu bipimo ngenderwaho bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo gukora n'ibindi bice. Kuri ubu, politiki z'igihugu zijyanye no gukora ibice by'imodoka zikwirakwizwa cyane cyane muri politiki z'igihugu zijyanye n'inganda z'imodoka.
Muri rusange, igihugu kirimo guteza imbere ivugurura n’ivugurura ry’inganda z’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa, gishishikariza ubushakashatsi n’iterambere no gukora imodoka zigenga zifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, kandi gikomeza gushyigikira cyane imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Gusohora urukurikirane rw’ingamba z’inganda z’imodoka byashyize imbere ibisabwa byinshi ku nganda z’ibice. Muri icyo gihe, kugira ngo hatezwe imbere iterambere ryiza kandi rirambye ry’inganda z’ibice by’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa, inzego zibishinzwe zo mu Bushinwa zasohoye gahunda z’iterambere ry’inganda zijyanye n’inganda mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Bitewe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, kuvugurura ibicuruzwa by'imodoka biri kwihuta umunsi ku wundi, ibyo bikaba bisaba inganda zikora ibikoresho by'imodoka kwihutisha udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, gutanga ibicuruzwa bikenewe n'isoko; bitabaye ibyo, bizahura n'ikibazo cy'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe, bigatera ubusumbane mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'ibirarane by'ibicuruzwa.
4. Uko isoko rihagaze ubu: Amafaranga aturuka mu bucuruzi bukuru akomeje kwiyongera.
Umusaruro w’imodoka nshya mu Bushinwa utanga umwanya wo guteza imbere ibyuma bishya by’imodoka mu Bushinwa bishyigikira isoko, mu gihe umubare w’imodoka, gusana no kuvugurura ibinyabiziga ukomeje kwiyongera, bigateza imbere kwaguka kw’inganda z’ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa. Mu 2019, bitewe n’ibintu nk’igabanuka ry’isoko ry’imodoka muri rusange, igabanuka ry’inkunga ku binyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu, ndetse no kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kw’ibipimo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ibigo bigize ibinyabiziga birimo guhura n’igitutu kidasanzwe. Ariko, inganda zikora ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa ziracyagaragaza iterambere rirambye. Dukurikije imibare y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa ku bigo 13.750 by’ibinyabiziga birengeje ingano yagenwe, inyungu yiyongera y’ubucuruzi bwabo bw’ingenzi yageze kuri tiriyari 3.6 z’amayuan, yiyongereyeho 0.35% ugereranyije n’umwaka. Dukurikije ibipimo by’ibanze, inyungu nyamukuru y’ubucuruzi bw’inganda zikora ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa mu 2020 izaba hafi tiriyari 3.74 z’amayuan.
Icyitonderwa
1. Amakuru y'umuvuduko w'izamuka ry'ibikorwa ahinduka uko umwaka utashye bitewe n'impinduka mu mubare w'ibigo birengeje ingano yagenwe. Amakuru y'umwaka ku wundi ni amakuru yose y'umusaruro w'ibigo birengeje ingano yagenwe mu mwaka umwe.
2. Amakuru yo mu 2020 ni amakuru y'ibanze yo kubara kandi ni ayo kwifashisha gusa.
Iterambere: Isoko ry'imodoka ryabaye intandaro ikomeye y'iterambere.
Bitewe n'amahame ya politiki yo "kuvugurura imodoka n'ibice by'imodoka", ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'imodoka byo mu Bushinwa bimaze igihe kinini bihanganye n'ikibazo cy'ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kugaragara. Umubare munini w'abacuruza ibice by'imodoka bito n'ibiciriritse bafite umurongo umwe w'ibicuruzwa, ikoranabuhanga rike kandi bafite ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya ingaruka zo hanze. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo n'abakozi bituma inyungu y'ibigo by'ubucuruzi by'ibikoresho by'imodoka ihindagurika kandi igabanuka.
“Gahunda y’iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka iciriritse n’iy’igihe kirekire” igaragaza ko gucuruza ibikoresho by’imodoka mu buryo bugezweho, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwuzuye bw’inganda kuva ku bice kugeza ku binyabiziga. Mu 2020, hazaba hashinzwe amatsinda menshi y’ibigo by’ibikoresho by’imodoka bifite agaciro ka miliyari zisaga 100 z’amayuani; Mu 2025, amatsinda menshi y’ibigo by’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho by’imodoka azaba ari mu icumi za mbere ku isi.
Mu gihe kizaza, hakurikijwe inkunga ya politiki, ibigo by’ibice by’imodoka byo mu Bushinwa bizagenda birushaho kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki n’ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, bigire ubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibice by’ingenzi; Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ibigo byigenga by’ibinyabiziga, ibigo by’ibice by’imodoka byo mu gihugu bizagenda byagura isoko ryabyo buhoro buhoro, kandi umubare w’ibicuruzwa by’abanyamahanga cyangwa by’abafatanyabikorwa uzagabanuka.
Muri icyo gihe, Ubushinwa bufite intego yo gushinga amatsinda 10 ya mbere y’ibice by’imodoka ku isi mu 2025. Kwishyira hamwe mu nganda biziyongera, kandi umutungo uzibanda ku bigo bikomeye. Uko umusaruro w’imodoka n’ibicuruzwa byazo bizamuka, iterambere ry’ibice by’imodoka mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bishya by’imodoka riragabanuka, kandi isoko rinini nyuma yo kugurisha rizaba rimwe mu matsinda y’inganda zikora ibice by’imodoka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2022
